在经济学上3个与生产成本相关的定律是1边际报酬递增定律
2边际报酬固定定律3邊際報酬遞減定律。1边际报酬递增定律
指出增加一单位的主要的可变要素如原料将使边际成本减低而使边际报酬增高。
在这情况下厂商将增产以取的最高的利润。不过当可变要素增加到一定的程度之后
就会出现之后就会出现饱和现象而进入边际报酬固定的阶段.
而厂商必须作出适当的调整，如增加生产空间或提升生产配备，以防将来会出现不
进则退的局面。邊際報酬遞減定律是指每增加一个主要的可变要素就会造成邊際成
本提高而邊際成本利润减少，这情况如不及时改型或改善将使到一个生产单位，一
间公司走向末落。据报导国能有40%过剩的电产量，这是极为严重的，被视为邊際
報酬遞減的现象，因为作为投入生产要素的燃料如煤，柴油，煤气虽不可再生但可
储藏，而作为产品的电力是即时消费不可储藏的。基于此希望有关当局采取适合的
措施以拨乱反正。我不否定独立发电厂对国家发展所作出的贡献，也不否决它们应
享的利润。但我认为国能作为法定的关联公司应以民为本，效
绩为先，即刻与相关的独立发电厂合作改善国内电力的发电，输电，配电及用电的
效益，减少浪费及确保我国的持续发展及经济转型。
Sunday, June 5, 2011
The three important laws in economic that are related to cost of production
GOH HOE HOE,AJK MCA KEPONG
The three important laws in economic that are related to cost of production are i) law of increasing returns ,ii) law of constant returns ,iii) law of diminishing returns
The laws of increasing return refers to situation where an addition of one of the variable input factor bring about a reduction in per unit cost of the product and an increase in profit per unit of the product. This situation if persist will encourage to produce more. This is made possible through scale of economic , for instance when goods are produced in large quantity , the overhead cost per unit of product become lower.
The law of constant return applies when addition of one of the variable input factor does not cause any change in per unit cost of product or profit per unit of product. When this occur then immediate decision need to be taken to look for innovative method of production , or restructuring of organization to ensure sustainable growth of a company.
The law of diminishing return when addition of variable factors lead to increasing cost per unit or decreasing profit per unit. This occur as a result of improper combination of variable input factors of production , for example the machine has worked up to the capacity.
As far as power generation is concerned machine and fuel are two important variable factors. The efficiency of these two factors will ensure the success of power generation scheme that is expressed in term of price , reliability and stability of power supply.
When the power generation plant has operated near to saturation , additional power plant need to be built to avoid unexpected power interruption in future.
I am of positive altitude towards the presence of Independent power provider because of their willingness to share the risk and actively contribute their part in the economic development of Malaysia, their credit can not be denied.
However an excess of capacity of 40 % seem to be irrational because the input variable such as coal , diesel and gas can be stored while the output in the electricity form can not be stored , need to be consumed instantly. This kind of situation no doubt will lead to conditions that fulfill diminishing law, we therefore hope the relevant authorities will take immediate action to address the serious problem for the benefit of country and rakyat.
The three important laws in economic that are related to cost of production are i) law of increasing returns ,ii) law of constant returns ,iii) law of diminishing returns
The laws of increasing return refers to situation where an addition of one of the variable input factor bring about a reduction in per unit cost of the product and an increase in profit per unit of the product. This situation if persist will encourage to produce more. This is made possible through scale of economic , for instance when goods are produced in large quantity , the overhead cost per unit of product become lower.
The law of constant return applies when addition of one of the variable input factor does not cause any change in per unit cost of product or profit per unit of product. When this occur then immediate decision need to be taken to look for innovative method of production , or restructuring of organization to ensure sustainable growth of a company.
The law of diminishing return when addition of variable factors lead to increasing cost per unit or decreasing profit per unit. This occur as a result of improper combination of variable input factors of production , for example the machine has worked up to the capacity.
As far as power generation is concerned machine and fuel are two important variable factors. The efficiency of these two factors will ensure the success of power generation scheme that is expressed in term of price , reliability and stability of power supply.
When the power generation plant has operated near to saturation , additional power plant need to be built to avoid unexpected power interruption in future.
I am of positive altitude towards the presence of Independent power provider because of their willingness to share the risk and actively contribute their part in the economic development of Malaysia, their credit can not be denied.
However an excess of capacity of 40 % seem to be irrational because the input variable such as coal , diesel and gas can be stored while the output in the electricity form can not be stored , need to be consumed instantly. This kind of situation no doubt will lead to conditions that fulfill diminishing law, we therefore hope the relevant authorities will take immediate action to address the serious problem for the benefit of country and rakyat.
Tiga hukum ekonomi yang ada kaitan dengan kos pengeluaran
GOH HOE HOE AJK MCA KEPONG
Tiga hukum ekonomi yang ada kaitan dengan kos pengeluaran ialah i)hokum pulangan bertambah, ii) hokum pulangan malar dan iii) hokum pulanga bertambah kurang ,
Hukum pulangan bertambah menyatakan pertambahan satu unit keluaran akan merendahkan kos pengeluaran seunit dan meninngikan keuntungan se unit , apabila firma pengeluaran beroperasi mengikut hokum ini sebarang pertambahan unit pengeluaran akan membawa faedah kepada firma,
Hhukum pulangan malar menyatakan petambahan unit pengeluaran tidak akan membawa perubahan kepada kos se unit dan Keuntungan seunit. Dalam keadaan ini firma masih boleh menambah pengeluaran tetapi misti mula langkah untuk mendirikan loji baru atau menggunakan teknologi baru atau pun buat pengubasuaian dalam syarikat dari segi tecnologi dan pengurusan
Hukum pulangan bertambah kurang menyatakan petambahan unit pengeluaran akan menambahkan kos se unit dan merendahkan keuntungan seunit.Kalau keadaan ini sudah berlaku maka tindakan segera mesti diambil untuk memperbaki kecekapan faktor faktor pengeluaran.
Pada pendapat saya hukum pulangan bertambah kurang lah yang menghuraikan keadaan penjanaan kuasa letrik di Negara Kita . Saya tak menyalahkan IPP , jasa mereka tak harus kita nafikan kerana mereka sanggup menangungg risko bersama. Tapi Kapasiti Jana kuasa yang lebih adalah 40 % , sesuatu yang serius kerana bahan api seperti arang batu , diesel dan gas boleh disimpan sedangkan Letrik yang lebih tak boleh disimpan.Oleh itu tindakan segera harus diambil oleh pihak berkenaan untuk memperbaki kecekapan faktor faktor pengeluaran bagi Indastri jana kuasa di negara kita.
Tiga hukum ekonomi yang ada kaitan dengan kos pengeluaran ialah i)hokum pulangan bertambah, ii) hokum pulangan malar dan iii) hokum pulanga bertambah kurang ,
Hukum pulangan bertambah menyatakan pertambahan satu unit keluaran akan merendahkan kos pengeluaran seunit dan meninngikan keuntungan se unit , apabila firma pengeluaran beroperasi mengikut hokum ini sebarang pertambahan unit pengeluaran akan membawa faedah kepada firma,
Hhukum pulangan malar menyatakan petambahan unit pengeluaran tidak akan membawa perubahan kepada kos se unit dan Keuntungan seunit. Dalam keadaan ini firma masih boleh menambah pengeluaran tetapi misti mula langkah untuk mendirikan loji baru atau menggunakan teknologi baru atau pun buat pengubasuaian dalam syarikat dari segi tecnologi dan pengurusan
Hukum pulangan bertambah kurang menyatakan petambahan unit pengeluaran akan menambahkan kos se unit dan merendahkan keuntungan seunit.Kalau keadaan ini sudah berlaku maka tindakan segera mesti diambil untuk memperbaki kecekapan faktor faktor pengeluaran.
Pada pendapat saya hukum pulangan bertambah kurang lah yang menghuraikan keadaan penjanaan kuasa letrik di Negara Kita . Saya tak menyalahkan IPP , jasa mereka tak harus kita nafikan kerana mereka sanggup menangungg risko bersama. Tapi Kapasiti Jana kuasa yang lebih adalah 40 % , sesuatu yang serius kerana bahan api seperti arang batu , diesel dan gas boleh disimpan sedangkan Letrik yang lebih tak boleh disimpan.Oleh itu tindakan segera harus diambil oleh pihak berkenaan untuk memperbaki kecekapan faktor faktor pengeluaran bagi Indastri jana kuasa di negara kita.
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